Professional Athletes Are Faced With Stressors On A...

Junior athletes are faced with stressors on a regular basis and athlete burnout has become more popular amongst the junior athlete population. Common factors to this athlete burnout included different types of motivation, parental stress, and perfectionistic tendencies. The research study presented in Jowett, Hill, Hall, and Curran’s Perfectionism and Junior Athlete Burnout: The Mediating Role of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation focuses on the role of perfectionism in athlete burnout and how both internal and external pressures can hinder an athlete’s desire to compete. According to Jowett et. al., the study relied on â€Å"self-report measures† (57) in order to find the relationship between perfectionism, autonomous and controlled motivation, and burnout in junior athletes (56). At the conclusion of the study, the prediction of a positive correlation between â€Å"perfectionistic concerns† (56) and athlete burnout. It was additionally found that altho ugh autonomous motivation had a positive correlation with burnout, controlled motivation did not affect burnout rates. Athlete burnout is currently a very prevalent and respected topic in sports psychology. Many athletes have a strong passion for the sports they are involved in for a number of years, yet many of them decide to longer pursue their sport due to burnout. It has been a strange phenomenon because there are a variety of factors that can push an athlete to lose the passion that fuels their athletic dreams. This study triesShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesof Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress 117 Stressors 117 Eliminating Stressors 120 Eliminating Time Stressors Through Time Management 121 Eliminating Encounter Stressors Through Collaboration and Emotional Intelligence 128 Eliminating Situational Stressors Through Work Redesign 130 Eliminating Anticipatory Stre ssors Through Prioritizing, Goal Setting, and Small Wins 132 Developing Resiliency 134 Physiological Resiliency 136 PsychologicalRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesforce efficiently/effectively this will be beneficial for all stakeholders (Organization, Employees and Society). D r . M u k h ta r A h m e d Challenges/Issues of Managing Human Resources in present era Following are the main issues that are faced by the mangers to manage the workforce of today’s organization for achievement of objectives. a. To Attract People People will be interested to join any organization if it is providing them quality working environment, attractive benefit and opportunitiesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting Information 46 Does HRM Really Matter? 46 HR Trends and Opportunities 47 Outsourcing 47 Professional Employer Organization (PEO) 47 Shared Services 47 HRM in an Entrepreneurial Enterprise 48 HRM in a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics Summary 50 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Key Terms 51 52 HRM Workshop 49 Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages610 Case Incident 2 The Rise of Extreme Jobs 610 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience Academic Positions: Professor, San Diego State University, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, University of Baltimore, Concordia University in Montreal, and University of Nebraska at Omaha. Research: Research interests have

A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner - 1720 Words

Thoughts of Emily Readers can often times find that fiction starts prosaically, but ends unpredictably as shown in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† written by William Faulkner. This fictional story is an example of Gothic literature about the Antebellum South. It is narrated by an unreliable male character who represents the townspeople. It might seem like Miss Emily is the protagonist, however, the narrator and the townspeople are really the protagonists who stand for the force of the community. The narrator and the townspeople act on Miss Emily and her desire by denying her desire for love. In the portrayal of the Miss Emily’s role, the reader can see the conflict between her fantasy on love and the town’s fantasy on her. Miss Emily’s pursuit of her dreams, illusion, and community’s dysfunctional values lead to her destruction. Faulkner uses imagery to reveal Emily’s aristocratic family background, which is a heavy burden for her. Miss Emily Grierson’s family was once rich before the Civil War. Miss Emily carries her head high enough so that she does not lose the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson. No matter what happens to her, she holds on to her nobility to protect her identity. The story begins with Miss Emily’s funeral located at her house, which has remained closed for decades. Emily has been not hospitable as well as isolated to the town. The â€Å"big, squarish frame house decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies,† is located in the mostShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

Question: Explain about the Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health? Answer: In modern times, migration is considered to be one of the most important issues regarding social and political prospect. People migrate from one country to another for several reasons. These reasons include political misbalance, economical disaster and other social and cultural issues (Ronda et al 2013). According to the United Nations, migration is defined as the movement of people across a specific border or boundary. This border or boundary can be both national and international. In case of migration, people move to establish a new permanent residence. According to the United Nations, migration can be categorized into different segments. These segments are, internal migration, international migration, chain migration, relay migration, impelled migration, step migration. The primary aim of this essay is to highlight the causes behind the events of migration on a global social and political aspect and the consequences of such events with respect to a countrys social economical struc ture. With respect to the migration events of The United Kingdom, there are several such examples. First example, which can be highlighted, is the event where Jews and Pilgrim fathers migrated to England. This event can be pointed out as forced migration. Another current migration event regarding the United Kingdom is the migration of the UK doctors towards The United States for the better pay scale. These sort migration event can be categorized as the voluntary migration. Migration events such as mentioned earlier provides an strong impact on both the host and the origin country. The primary focus of this essay is to establish the factors and consequences of these impacts with suitable examples. There are several factors which influence the event of migration. These factors include, Unemployment, lack of safety, lack of services, poverty, crop failure, drought, war or civil unrest, hazards and isolation (Duchne, Moyer and Roberts 2013). The effect of migration in a particular count ry can be also of different types. These effects are categorized as economical impacts such as positive and negative, social effects such as positive, negative, and political impacts. The essay emphasizes on the migration event due to cause of health and health services. Due to the poor health condition and health services, many people around the world migrate to the United Kingdom. It is seen, that mainly people from African region migrate towards United Kingdom, as health condition in the African region is not so developed. A example which can provided is that, during the period of Ebola virus outbreak many people migrated from African countries to European countries such as The United Kingdom (Dahinden 2012). Recently there has been an outbreak of Zika virus in the Latin American region. There is also a phenomenon of migrating people from Latin American countries to European countries such as the United Kingdom. The later part of the essay emphasizes on the effects of these sorts of migration and their impact on the social, cultural and economical impacts on the particular country, which is in this scenario is the United Kingdom. Background Migration is considered as a movement of people from one destination to another for taking up a permanent or semi-permanent residence. This is usually associated to the movement across the international border of a country. Taking an example of Migration, it can be clearly analyzed that the semi-permanent residents might seek for seasonal movements. It is often observed that migration takes place on a voluntary note (based on the individuals own will) and involuntary note (forcefully shifted due to certain political or environmental issues). Migration occurred throughout the human history (Wilkinson et al. 2013). It initiated from the movement of the first human groups, which originated from the Eastern regions of Africa to all other regions of the contemporary world. Migration tends to occur at a variety of scales. This ranges from intercontinental (i.e. between one continent to another, e.g. from Africa to Asia), intra-continental (between one country to another belonging from the same continent, e.g. France to Germany) and interregional (within the countries, i.e. Eastern England to Western England. One of the most significant pattern associated to the factor of migration highlights towards the movement from the rural regions of a country to the urban sectors. This is mainly due to economic and health opportunities, which attract thousands of migrants every year to settle from rural to the urban segments of a country. On a large scale, it can be assumed that there are nine type of migration. One of the most common types is the Internal Migration, which focuses towards the movement to a new residence within a state, country or continent. This is the most observed migration occurring quite frequently in the world. On the other hand, External Migration highlights towards the movement to a new resident in a different state, county or continent. The occurrence rate of External Migration is much lower than the Internal Migration. The third type is the Immigration, which focuses towards the movement to a new country (e.g. the pilgrim movement, which migrated to the United Stated of America). The fourth type includes Population Transfer, where the government of a certain country forces large group of people out of a region, usually based on religion or ethnicity. This is also known as involuntary or forced migration. Example of this type includes the migration of Hindus from Pakistan and the Muslims from India during the partition of Indo-Pak in 1947. The sixth type of migration highlights towards the Impelled Migration, which is also known as reluctant and imposed type. In this type, the individuals are directly not forced out of their country, but leave because of unfavorable situations, such as political issues, warfare or religious prosecutions. For example, the migration of the Jews from Germany to England during 1940s is an effective example associated to the context. The Step Migration is considered as a series of less extreme and concise manner from the individuals origin place to the final destination. This usually associated in moving from a farm to a village, town or a city. The Chain Migration focuses towards a series of migration, which occurs with a well-defined family or a group of people. The chain of migration tend to begin with a single family member who sends money to bring other family members to a new location. The chain migration generally results in migration fields. The clustering of people forms a specific region into certain neighborhoods or small towns are usually found to be associated to this context. On the other hand, the return migration highlights towards the voluntary movements, which are associated to the immigrants who tend to return their own origin. This is also known as the circular migration. Finally, the Season Migration takes place in most of the region of the world. In this type, the movement of a period in response to labor or the climatic variation (i.e. aiming the farm workers following crop harvests or working in the cities during off seasons) is commonly observed in this context. Positive economic impacts are the phenomenon where the migrants come into the country take up the jobs, which the native would not take. As a result, the countrys work force increases. Another aspect of this event is that the country gains a large amount of skilled work force. If there is a labor shortage in the country then this gap will be easily met. The negative impact is that with the large amount of people coming into a country or region, the money, which these migrant earn, are sent back to their native country (Schwartz et al. 2015). Adding to these, the migrant children are needed to be educated using the countrys infrastructure and framework. There is also a vast social impacts caused by these sort of migration events. Population density of the origin country decreases which results in the reduction of the workforce and human resource of the origin country. Remittances, which are sent back home to the origin country increases their economic condition. Another aspect of such migration on the positive social impact is that returning migrants often increase the social expectations of the communities. There are also some negative social impacts regarding migration. Marriage rates fall in the country, which are effected through the events such as migrations. Men who migrate left their wives alone, as result producing a generation of single mothers. People migrating sometimes also increase the dependency ration of country. Another negative aspect of such migration is that when the migrants return after retirement, social costs as the community support mechanism do not cover them. Another aspect, which should be also evaluated, is that migration also sometime causes loss of cultural traditions and leadership. As a result, this negative impact can effect drastically in a particular community. Another major impact caused by the event of migration is the political impacts. In recent times, there are several political factors, which influence migration of a cert ain people or community. These political factors include discrimination among different ethnic groups and minorities. Caste problem is also a fact, which ignites the event of migration. These events lead to civil unrest resulting in migration of people who suffer or try to ignore such atrocities. Another aspect of such migration due to political reason is entrenchment of different attitudes, which may encourage fundamentalism. This aspect rise to migration; another aspect is when a particular region is under war, the people of that particular region become war refugees and migrate to another places. To overcome the effects of such migration events it is important to broadly discuss about the reasons and factors, which are responsible for migration event. According to W. Peterson, migration occurs for mainly five reasons. These reasons are Primitive, Forced, Impelled, Free and Mass. Primitive reason is considered as the previously occurred migration at the primitive time for cultivat ion and other sources. These factors are considered as the physical factors, which are sufficient rainfall, soil fertility, etc. For example, in case of Mongolia, most of the countrys population belonged to the community, which conducted migration for finding good environment for their sheep, cattle, yaks and goats. Due to unsteady rainfall, they migrated frequently. The second reason highlighted is Forced migration. In this case people are force or have no other choice other than to migrate to another region. Sometimes a particular community or people belonging to a particular caste or religion are forced to migrate to another country. There could be a political reason, natural disaster or environmental disaster behind such events. For example, During the period from 1900 to 1950, around 500,000 Indonesians were moved from over populated islands to the less populated islands. The Government also offered them proper equipment and land to sufficiently begin their livelihood. Later on , there were some conflicts with the native local of those regions making the situation more complex and violent. Impelled migration is another type of migration where they are migrated under a perceived threat. Other groups of human, government, physical factors, etc can give this threat. In this scenario, the people who are given threats have more freedom choices with comparison to other causes of migration such as forced migration. For example, In case of Libya in the year of 2011, A civil uprising began which resulted in a civil war. During this time, many people tried to migrate in order to avoid violence and secure their lives and the loved ones. The forth reason behind the event of migration is Free; in this case, the migrants migrate for their own will and freedom. There might be many reasons or factor behind this such as economic reason or family. For example, in recent times, doctors residing in the United Kingdom have started to migrate towards the United States of Americ a. The reason behind such migration is better pay roll, a bright future prospect, and career options. The fifth ad last reason behind migration is pointed out as Mass. In this case, a large amount of people migrates for their will. For example, at the time of formation of the state named Israel, many Jewish all over the world, mainly the survivors of the holocaust (Survivors of the atrocities on Jewish in different camps situated in Germany, Austria and Italy) were among them. At this time over a certain period time of three years, the population of Israel was double due to these migrants. It has been observed that immigration often tend to be associated to political affairs of the United Kingdom. According to the 2014 Immigration Act formulated in the United Kingdom, it was clearly mentioned that the country would reduce the net immigrations. This included the factors of reviving the right of non European Economic Area migrants in order to access free health care services within the premises of the country. The change in the risk factors often tended to widen the existing health and social inequalities, which are effecting the political scenario to a huge scale (Gagnon 2013). The experience of the undocumented migrants, who tend to access the primary health care within the premises of the United Kingdom, focuses their perspective on the proposed access restrictions. Based on various studies associated to the inductive thematic analysis, it can be clearly stated that there were several effective challenges, which were faced by the respondents. It was highlighted that m ost of the migrants were completely deprived from accessing the primary health care facilities, which are efficiently available for the European members. These migrants preferred to wait for a longer duration of period, but the often led to severe circumstances. Most of the migrants focused in accessing the Accident and Emergency Services (A E service, the United Kingdom). The limiting access associated to the primary health care included threats to the personal and public health consequences. This in turn added additional burden on the National Health Service, which was efficiently monitored by the policymakers. Moreover, most of the researchers during this session highlighted towards the depletion of the countrys legislations, which targeted the vulnerable group. This entire movement associated to the health care premises for the migrants of the United Kingdom was completely a social gain and thereby was not much of the economic benefit associated to the context. There are various theories associated to migration along with economic growth of a country. The macroeconomic theories are found to be associated to the per capita incomes, which is mainly triggered by the factors of migration. According to the concept of Heckscher-Ohlin Model related to trade and migration for health care perspectives, it can be clearly analyzed that the movement of the productive factors tends to raise the world income and thereby attains income gains (Ford and Holumyong 2015). This is generally shared between both the host and the source countries Moreover it holds mutual gains from migration, which is found to be similar to the conventional terms of trade. It has been clearly observed that the migrants of England suffer a lot for their accessibility of primary health care services. On the other hand, some of the other countries are found to be quite effective towards the response of the migrants for the health care perspectives. Observing closely it can be analyzed that the migrants targeting the premises of the United States of America are considered to be in a much healthy condition. They are provided with ample primary health care facilities, which are monitored by the Health and Welfare Department of the United States of America (Castaeda 2012). On the other hand, countries such as South Africa, China and India have very limited facilities for the migrants to provide primary healthcare facilities. Thus, there is a very vivid perspective observed regarding the concern for the migrants, which depends from the health care facilities from country to country. The epidemiological analysis associated to illness along with the occurrence of diseases in the migrants is found to be maintained in two distinct ways. The first protocol includes highlighting the health issue of the concern in terms of status at the time of migration. On the other hand, the secondary factor highlights towards studying the evolution associated to health characteristics over time. The quarantine, which is found to be associated to the historical basis of migration, and health practices generally tend to ensure the interest rate in terms of health migration towards the communicable diseases. The migrant medial screenings are found to focus on various conditions, which differentially is prevalent between the host population and the migrant. Diseases, which were observed for the migrants within the premises of the United Kingdom, include tuberculosis, syphilis and leprosy (Crisp 2010). The factor resulting to Medical Screening often tends to quantify and thereby documen t the aspects of health and disease in the migrant cohorts. This is found to be related to the national public health statistics of the United Kingdom. Based on the recent factors, it can be clearly analyzed that there is an effective growth of the international importance associated to migration regarding health issues in the premises of the United Kingdom (Burgoon 2014). Adding more to this, the communicable diseases are more effectively focuses on the pre existing non-infectious diseases. For example, the attack of Ebola in the eastern regions of Africa resulted in a huge migration of the patients in England (Bradby et al. 2015). Apart from the diseases, the other health domains which are found to be equally important includes morality, behavior and the influence of generic and ethnic profiles in the migrant population of the United Kingdom. Recent studies shows the example that most number of malignancy patients along with renal failure, severe cardiac disorders, mental and psyc hological health disorders and the maternal or child health are consulted efficiently in the UK. This tends to attract more number of migrants from all across the world in the country. The lifestyle associated health issues includes the factors of tobacco consumption, along with alcohol and drug abuse factors which are examined efficiently and resulting in higher migration rate from the developing countries, especially from Asia and Southern parts of Africa. As stated previously, the outbreak of Ebola in the eastern regions of Africa resulted in a million of casualties all across the world. However, the spread of the disorder from Eastern region of Africa to other parts of country such as Asia and Europe was observed to occur mainly due to high rate of migration in the Asian and the European countries. Countries, which were drastically, affected due to this factor included England, Germany, France, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Most of the affected people were shifted to these countries for medical or residential purposes. As a result, the virus was efficiently spread to all across the country resulting in severe contamination (Almeida et al. 2014). Thus, migration had an drastic effect on the factor of contamination, which resulted in drastic consequence. The impact of immigration have a considerable impact on the host country The host country quite often is found to be associated to both advantages and challenges resulting due to immigration. Larger migrations often tend to create huge population surges. This higher population number focuses towards the strain on infrastructure and service of the host country (Abebe, Lien and Hjelde 2014). Whenever an immigrant move to a new country, it can be clearly analyzed that the individual has been associated to various constraints, which includes employment, housing, adjustment to innovative and effective laws, cultural norms and adaption of new language. Immigration results in increase in labor force. Immigration tends to provide effective advantage to countrys economy and society as a whole. However, most of the authors tend to believe that the high factors of immigration numbers tend to threat the national identity and thereby increase the dependence on the welfare. The national security i s threatened largely. Often it is observed that medical immigrants tend to have a motif of terrorism and other illegal activities. Other arguments suggests that immigration rates cheapens the labor cost to a great extent. According to the data of Brooking Institute, it can be analyzed that there is a depression of on the wages of the price of the United Kingdom by 2.3% (during 1980 2007). Evaluation and Discussion Migration has an effective global perspective. It has been often observed that migrants from various third world countries tend to settle in the United Kingdom for accessing the primary health care facilities. Often this tends to monitor the global impact of the country to a huge scale. The demand for effective medical facilities tends to attract these migrants to a huge scale. However, it is often registered that there is often evidence for the entrance of non-documented members within the premises of the United Kingdom. This affects the national security to a huge extent. This is considered as one of the most challenging situation, which had a negative impact in the Western Europe. Moreover, it is observed that there is a increase in the internationalization of health risks within the country. This moreover had an impact on the political, scientific, cultural, technological, social and other related factors. The major factor which is associated to the liberalization of the internat ional trade is found o be associated to World Trade Organization. It is often seen that examples of reducing tobacco, alcohol along wit the effect of non-communicable diseases in the premises of the United Kingdom tends to effect the social impact of the country to a huge scale. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be clearly concluded that there are various global effects on the factors of migration, and countries such as the United Kingdom are highly affected. One of the serious factor includes the wide spread of communicable diseases such as Ebola and Tuberculosis. Moreover, it has been observed that there are often unregistered migrants, which affects the political security of the country to a huge scale. Moreover, as per the perspective of national economy, it is often observed that there is a minimum impact on the countrys financial benefit. The current models which re associated to the relations, movement of goods and people are found to have an impact on the health risks. These developments increase the health risk directly or indirectly. Hence, it can be stated that an effective international cooperation should be entitled, which places national self-interest in context of global mutual interest and thereby promotes international goodwill and cooperati on. References Abebe, D.S., Lien, L. and Hjelde, K.H., 2014. What we know and dont know about mental health problems among immigrants in Norway.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,16(1), pp.60-67. Almeida, L.M., Casanova, C., Caldas, J., Ayres-de-Campos, D. and Dias, S., 2014. Migrant Womens Perceptions of Healthcare During Pregnancy and Early Motherhood: Addressing the Social Determinants of Health.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,16(4), pp.719-723. Arango, J., 2013. Exceptional in Europe? Spains experience with immigration and integration.Migration Policy Institute. Bradby, H., Humphris, R., Newall, D. and Phillimore, J., 2015. Public health aspects of migrant health: a review of the evidence on health status for refugees and asylum seekers in the European Region. Burgoon, B., 2014. Immigration, Integration, and Support for Redistribution in Europe.World Politics,66(03), pp.365-405. Castaeda, H., 2012. Over-Foreignization or Unused Potential? A critical review of migrant health in Germany and responses toward unauthorized migration.Social Science Medicine,74(6), pp.830-838. Crisp, N (2010) Unfair trade (1) exporting health workers Turning the world upside down, the search for global health in the 21st century, Boca Raton, CRC press, pp. 64-81 Dahinden, J., 2012.Transnational Belonging, Non-ethnic Forms of Identification and Diverse Mobilities: Rethinking Migrant Integration?(pp. 117-128). Springer Vienna. De Freitas, C., Garca-Ramirez, M., Aamb, A. and Buttigieg, S.C., 2014. Transforming health policies through migrant user involvement: Lessons learnt from three European countries.Psychosocial Intervention,23(2), pp.105-113. De Vito, E., de Waure, C., Specchia, M.L. and Ricciardi, W., 2015. Public health aspects of migrant health: a review of the evidence on health status for undocumented migrants in the European Region. Duchne, A., Moyer, M. and Roberts, C. eds., 2013.Language, migration and social inequalities: A critical sociolinguistic perspective on institutions and work(Vol. 2). Multilingual Matters. Ford, K. and Holumyong, C., 2015. HIV Testing and Cross Border Migrant Vulnerability: Social Integration and Legal/Economic Status Among Cross Border Migrant Workers in Thailand.AIDS and Behavior, pp.1-9. Ford, K., Chamratrithirong, A., Apipornchaisakul, K., Panichapak, P. and Pinyosinwat, T., 2014. Social integration, AIDS knowledge and factors related to HIV prevention among migrant workers in Thailand.AIDS and Behavior,18(2), pp.390-397. Gagnon, A.J., Dougherty, G., Wahoush, O., Saucier, J.F., Dennis, C.L., Stanger, E., Palmer, B., Merry, L. and Stewart, D.E., 2013. International migration to Canada: The post-birth health of mothers and infants by immigration class.Social science medicine,76, pp.197-207. Hollifield, J., Martin, P. and Orrenius, P., 2014.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press. Keygnaert, I., Guieu, A., Ooms, G., Vettenburg, N., Temmerman, M. and Roelens, K., 2014. Sexual and reproductive health of migrants: Does the EU care?.Health Policy,114(2), pp.215-225. Kwan, M.P., 2013. Beyond Space (As We Knew It): Toward Temporally Integrated Geographies of Segregation, Health, and Accessibility: SpaceTime Integration in Geography and GIScience.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,103(5), pp.1078-1086. Levecque, K., Benavides, F.G., Ronda, E. and Van Rossem, R., 2012. Using existing health information systems for migrant health research in Europe: challenges and opportunities.Health inequalities and risk factors among migrants and ethnic minorities,1, p.53. Lillrank, A., 2015. Trust, vacillation and neglect-Refugee women's experiences regarding pregnancy and birth giving in Finland.Nordic Journal of Migration Research. Mladovsky, P., Rechel, B., Ingleby, D. and McKee, M., 2012. Responding to diversity: an exploratory study of migrant health policies in Europe.Health Policy,105(1), pp.1-9. Nesterko, Y., Braehler, E., Grande, G. and Glaesmer, H., 2013. Life satisfaction and health-related quality of life in immigrants and native-born Germans: the role of immigration-related factors.Quality of Life Research,22(5), pp.1005-1013. Poduval, S, Howard, N, Jones, L, Murwill, P, MacKee, M, Legido-Quigley, H (2015) Experiences Among Undocumented Migrants Accessing Primary Care In The United Kingdom: A Qualitative Study International journal of health services, vol. 0 (0): 1-14 Rechel, B., Mladovsky, P. and Devill, W., 2012. Monitoring migrant health in Europe: a narrative review of data collection practices.Health Policy,105(1), pp.10-16. Rechel, B., Mladovsky, P., Ingleby, D., Mackenbach, J.P. and McKee, M., 2013. Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe.The Lancet,381(9873), pp.1235-1245. Renzaho, A., Renzaho, C. and Polonsky, M., 2012. Editorial-Left out, left off, left over: Why migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds are not adequately recognised in health promotion policy and programs.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,23(2), pp.84-85. Riggs, E., Gibbs, L., Kilpatrick, N., Gussy, M., van Gemert, C., Ali, S. and Waters, E., 2015. Breaking down the barriers: a qualitative study to understand child oral health in refugee and migrant communities in Australia.Ethnicity health,20(3), pp.241-257. Ronda Prez, E., Benavides, F.G., Levecque, K., Love, J.G., Felt, E. and Van Rossem, R., 2012. Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe.Ethnicity health,17(6), pp.563-577. Schwartz, S.J., Unger, J.B., Baezcondeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Garbanati, L., Benetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Martnez, V., Meca, A., Zamboanga, B.L., Lorenzoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Blanco, E.I., Rosiers, S.E.D., Oshri, A., Sabet, R.F. and Soto, D.W., 2015. Longitudinal trajectories of bicultural identity integration in recently immigrated Hispanic adolescents: Links with mental health and family functioning.International Journal of Psychology,50(6), pp.440-450. Vissandjee, B., Hyman, I., Spitzer, D.L., Apale, A. and Kamrun, N., 2013. 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Modern History Battle of the Nations

Question: Discuss about theModern Historyfor Battle of the Nations. Answer: Research Question Following the fall of Napoleon from the catastrophic retreat from Russia to the Battle of the Nations, he chose to surrender to the allies. Prussia, Great Britain, Russia, and Austria came together in 1814 to discuss what should happen to France (Snyder, 2002). The general mood was that this nation must remain intact so as to maintain the balance of power in Europe. My interest in this particular topic is to elaborate on the Concert of Europe as well as the causes of World War I. I am also interested in finding out the various contributions of the balance of power in World War I. Therefore, my research question that I will try to answer as I carry out my research will be, What was the contribution of balance of power in World War I? Hypothesis In this research study, a possible hypothesis to the relevance of the cause of the First World War might be changes in the balance of power during Napoleons reign eventually resulted in World War I since it was difficult for one country to dominate Europe. Research Design I will test or falsify my hypothesis by looking at the Independent Variables that have relevance for the Dependent Variables. For this particular topic, the Independent Variables include judgment of leaders, economic authority, offensive capabilities and decline of empires. These are relevant to my chosen hypothesis which represents the Dependent Variables. I intend to carry out my research by using the Internet, and information from peer reviewed and academic journal articles. I will also use information found at the University Learning Resource Centre library. Research Findings Variable #1: Judgment of Leaders The Concert of Europe was the equilibrium of power that was present in Europe starting with the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte up to the emergence of the First World War (Steiner, 2005). The founding leaders included Austria, the United Kingdom, Prussia, and Russia. These were also affiliates of the 6th Coalition accountable for the decline of Napoleon I. During this time, France managed to establish itself as a fifth member of this particular alliance. Among the leading members of the system were British international Secretary Lord Castlereagh, the Tsar of Russia Alexander I, and Austrian Chancellor Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Manila, 2007). Also referred to as the Congress System, the Concert of Europe was an outcome of a tradition taken on by the ancient great authorities of Europe of meeting often in an International Conference to strategize a solution by joint agreement. This took place whenever an issue arose that was seen as a threat to peace between European countries. Surprisingly, the Concert did not have real liability and stood for European interests, not those of the non-European or colonized states. Notably, war was not absurd for the Concert of Europe, as long as it occurred outside Europe. The leaders in charge within the Congress System aimed at containing France after years of war. They also wanted to attain a balance of power between Europes great authorities while upholding the defensive preparations made at the Congress of Vienna between 1814 and 1815 (Darwin, 2009). The Concert of Europes leaders wanted to prevent the rise of another Napoleon personality which would lead to an additional continent-wide war. Initially, the idea of the Concert was suggested by the Austrian Chancellor, Kaunitz. At the time, the fear of revolution was quite high to the extent of European powers not resting contended until they had come up with some means to safeguard the intransience of Vienna Settlement. The meetings that were to be held, focused on the dialogue of measures that would be judged to be most helpful for the success and repose of the countries, together with the preservation of peace of Europe (Snyder, 2002). Under the leadership and guidance of the Austrian Chancellor, the Quadruple Alliance as it came to be recognized eventually established a dictatorship of the Powers. However, after holding at least four meetings, the Concert broke up in 1823. During the first meeting of the Concert at Aix-la-Chapelle, the Austrian Chancellor remarked that it symbolized the pinnacle of the structure by which the united Powers would set up a joint control over the dealings of all global states. Notably, Napoleon had also previously forwarded his own plan for the welfare of Europe (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). There was a difference of opinion between England and Austria, and Russia regarding the foundation on which France was to be let into the club. While Russia proposed that it be admitted by adhering to the principles of the Holy Alliance, England and Austria felt that France should be admitted through a treaty alliance with the 4 Powers and that was done (Thomas, 2008). In order to please Czar Alexande r, a powerful declaration was issued with regards to the objectives and purpose of the honorable pentarchy. The rights of the people were to be strictly observed, the arts of peace were to be safeguarded, the wealth of the state increased, and the sentiments of religion and morality awakened. This was to be done as an example of concord and justice. In the course of the meetings, the King of Sweden was called upon by the Congress to provide explanations as to why he had overlooked the agreement rights concerning Denmark and Norway (Steiner, 2005). The leader of Monaco was also ordered to advance the executive system of his nation. The Congress addressed the issue of the unclear succession to the Duchy of Baden, and discussed the status of the Jewish citizens in Russia and Austria. Soon enough, certain differences arose among the leaders, differences which increased with the course of time. These were due to the differing interests and joint jealousy of the leaders concerned. With regards to the issue of Barbary pirate in the Mediterranean Sea, the Czar cited that there should be a foreign navy fleet to monitor the waters while stamping out pirates especially in that region. Castlereagh greatly opposed this because he suspected presence of Russian war ships in the Mediterranean Sea (Manila, 2007). Additionally, Fredrick William o f Prussia proposed that an allied army commanded by Wellington of Britain be permanently positioned at Belgium in order to suppress any revolutions anywhere in Europe. Castlereagh refused for fear that Britain might be dragged into any war which other powers thought necessary. The congress of Aix-la-Chapelle was followed by a period of unrest progression in Europe. Not only was there a revolution in Sicily and Naples against Ferdinand I, king of Naples, but also disturbances in Germany. By 1827, the Congress System which had been established by the great Powers to solve European issues that came as a result of Napoleonic wars and the French Revolution failed to attain its goals. Variable #2: Economic Authority The British Foreign Minister, Castlereagh, declined to consent to any offer either to bring colonies back under Spain or even intercede between them and Spain unless British wellbeing in those settlements were protected beforehand (Darwin, 2009). As a way of suppressing slave trade, Great Britain recommended that European states work out a joint right of search for slaves. This was however not acknowledged on the basis of the jealousy of the naval power of Great Britain. Furthermore, no nation was ready to tolerate such intrusion with the trade. It was finally decided that no action could be in use against slavery. It is maintained that a global guarantee of the status quo would have led to the organized suppression of constitutionalism, tolerance and nationalism in Europe. The declaration would have also acted as a campaign against the progressive forces of Europe, thus proving lethal to her dominance in the world (Snyder, 2002). Moreover, there would have been no alliance of German y and Italy. It would also have been quite difficult to divide Holland and Belgium in spite of the complaints of the latter. The main query was whether or not the Powers had any right to interfere in the inside affairs of a State simply on the basis of the status quo being upset in a certain nation. The British position was that she was not ready to embrace the universal code of international authority. However, she was ready to consider partly the involvement whenever an emergency came up in any nation. This nation refused the notion that the joint force of the Allies was to be prostituted in support of the reputable order without any thought of the extent to which it was abused (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). According to Castlereagh, the Alliance was never aimed at the union of worldwide governments or suppression of revolutionary campaigns in every corner of Europe regardless of their values. The over-extension of rival empires such as the Moguls, East Asian empires, or Ottomans, resulted in decentralization which spurred competition and innovation. Following numerous revolutions in 1848, the government sought more centrality and anchoring of everything around the Vienna capital. In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian compromise established the two as a dual monarchy. However, this system together with its many constituent nationalities collapsed with World War I (Thomas, 2008). As much as possible, the Congress of Vienna returned control to the conventional ruling houses of Europe such as the Habsburgs, and the Bourbons. In order to prevent any single nation from attempting to control all of Europe as France had done under Napoleon Bonaparte, the Congress insisted on a balance of power. Nations such as Prussia, Austria, and Russia would have considerable strength. 1870 to 1914 witnessed a Europe that was significantly more firm than that of previous years. This was as a result of the establishment of novel states in Italy and Germany, combined with opinionated reformations in older, developed states such as Austria and Britain (Steiner, 2005). Coupled with scientific progressions of the Industrial Revolution, this internal stability meant that European states were ever more capable and eager to chase political powers internationally. When the worth of these novel technologies became evident, the states of Europe started taking control of large swathes of la nd in Asia and Africa, introducing a novel era of imperialism. The notion of a German state had survived since the establishment of the Kingdom of Germany in the early middle Ages. The commencement of popular nationalism in Germany has its roots in Napoleons invasion of the German land in 1806 (Manila, 2007). Napoleons political machinations encouraged nationalist feelings. Furthermore, most German leaders understood that there was potency in collaborating together. Such an acceptance was to result to inter-state cooperation across the area, the most noteworthy illustration being the Zollverein. This referred to customs union that constituted most of northern Germany by the early 1830s (Darwin, 2009). Both economic and nationalistic factors were taken advantage of by the conventional King of Prussia, William I and his head minister, Otto von Bismarck. These two individuals understood the worth of a unified German state, particularly one that did not include Austrian influence. Tsar Alexander II came to supremacy by using the overpowering in the Crimean War as the key momentum to reform. According to him, Russia needed to adhere to the European representation so as to grow to be more influential. Alexander II would eventually end the covert police started by Nicholas I and establish public trials that had expert judges with state salaries and juries (Snyder, 2002). Local provincial councils known as Zemstvos were also established and elected by the people. They addressed local government issues such as educational institutions and roads. Despite such moves by Alexander II, unrest still continued in Russia. In 1860, Russians established the city of Vladivostok on the Pacific Ocean and started constructing the Trans-Siberian railroad that would link the East to the West. With regards to Japan, it modeled European militarism and industrialization during this period to increase its concentration on China and gain dominance over Korea. It is this expansion that helped cause World War I, marking the first major triumph of a non-Western authority over a Western one (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). Variable #3: Offensive Capabilities The Concert of Europes main achievement was the safeguarding of sovereignty for Greece and Belgium by 1831. In 1840, the authorities except France arbitrated in defense of the Ottoman Empire to end Egypts 8-year occupation of Syria (Thomas, 2008). The pattern of cooperative behavior witnessed in the Concert of Europe during early 19th Century is as a result of a commitment to uphold the settlement, which hinged on the integrity of enforcement threats and an allotment of advantages corresponding with military capabilities. The balance was self-enforcing in that powers that could oppose an alteration of the system had incentives to do so, while those that could upset it did not have incentives to do so (Steiner, 2005). Notably, offensive realists would see any Concert as being at best short-lived. However, constructivists and neorealists would cite that potential balancing of power, multilateral organizations and normative values would award more flexibility within the Concert so as to accommodate transforming conditions and power uniformities. Defensive practicality offers a better record of the Concert of Europe because it merges structural pragmatism with non-realist theories of state inclinations (Manila, 2007). A school of thought recognized as offensive practicality argues that foreign chaos tends to drive states to enlarge whenever a chance presents itself. This is to say that there is no status quo authorities in the foreign structure, save for the rare hegemon that desires to preserve its controlling status over likely rivals. So far, it has been established that the Concert of Europes associates were actually good defensive realists. However, they reacted to structural limitations as they did mainly because their local administrations and leaders were moderate and cautious. Notably, most powers are too weak to make a run for regional hegemony, but still act impolitely to gather as much control as they can since states are more or less always better off with more rather than less authority (Darwin, 2009). Making latent and definite military authority criteria for being a great power usually means not including some states that impose moderation. A number of researchers consider Prussia an immense power throughout the 19th Century, but is only recognized when Otto van Bismarck takes control. Moreover, postwar West Germany is also left out because it did not have the military power to contend with the superpowers. However, this was simply because Western occupation prohibited it from doing so. Concerts are considered to be providers of an insurance policy or the guarantors of last resort, capable of defending minimum standards of the order in foreign society of states. They also design specific agreements to maximize the welfare of their members together with the larger system on whose behalf they operate. Concerts have the luxury of searching for lost opportunities to establish an optimum world (Snyder, 2002). With reference to the Concert of Europe, given that the defeated ex-hegemons are at their point of maximum relative weakness immediately after the war, but benefit relatively afterward, their offensive capabilities, unifying fear and concert cooperation eventually increased over time. Whether or not collective security can work in the novel Europe is a critical issue which underlies much contemporary discussion over how to react to the waning of the Cold War. It is argued that many of the causes of war that produced conflict in the course of the first half of the 20 th Century have either been terminated or substantially moderated. Despite this, it is clear that those involved in the Concert of Europe had specific strategies as to how to conquer their targeted territories. Variable #4: Decline of Empires The demise of the Concert of Europe was a rather slow process where demands for revision of Viennas frontiers along national lines deteriorated it. Italians and Germans wanted to combine their small states, while parts of the Austrian Empire wanted autonomy. The Concert was further weakened by consecutive wars between participants which it was meant to bar the Crimean War of 1854 1856, the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Italian War of Independence of 1859, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 1871 (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). The British Foreign Minister Lord Edward Grey made all efforts to convene the Concert of Europe to prevent the First World War but was unsuccessful. Some historians have described the Concert as being the opposite of a foreign organization that is demanding to work within the boundaries of international law since it did not have a secretariat or rules of behavior. It was through this particular letdown that made Lord Grey and others more strong-minded to set up a body which could call a meeting of key powers at little notice to try and stop war. This is what developed into the League of Nations. The fact that the Concert of Europe lacked an official mechanism meant that the novel body would include one, and affiliate states would entrust themselves to its agreement which included acceptance of rules not to resort to war (Thomas, 2008). The enormous Powers were combating each other for state interests and had refused to negotiate to maintain peace, one of Metternichs main objectives for Europe. The grounds of the Crimean War were also different from the standards of the Concert of Europe because Russia wanted to take lead of the fast deteriorating Ottoman Empire (Steiner, 2005). Initially, Metternich aimed at preventing any country from gaining absolute control of this particular Empire, thus obliterating the balance of power. It is assume that World War I was quite significant in that it heralded the conclusion of empires and the introduction of novel nation-states. Yet, in August 1914, none had the least notion that the War would be long or even significant (Manila, 2007). Notably, it was not before 3 long years of war of erosion that empires, starting with the Russian one, would eventually start to fall apart. To suggest that Europe was in a sate of shock following Napoleons defeat of Prussia and Austria in 1806 would be an understatement. At the time, it appeared that the normal order of things had been shifted on its head. Soon after the collapse of Napoleons empire in 1814, the great Power settled down to the job of redefining the political system, giving birth to the Concert of Europe. World War I witnessed the majestic empires of Britain and France mobilized to assist imperial war and European efforts. The War also set free an unparalleled ideological challenge to colonial rule which was embodied in the notions of Woodrow Wilson taking the form through the mandatory system (Darwin, 2009). Even though Britain came out triumphant from World War I, its empire was far from safe. It had been required to pull back from the majority of its martial pledges around the peripheries of the former Tsarist Empire, withdraw from Turkey, and agree to a novel legitimate settlement in Egypt which reduced its political power. Nonetheless, colonial empires had attained a tipping peak in the early 1920s. Conquering and triumph of the total wars of the 20th Century were of great importance. Combat zone crush for the Ottomans, Russians, and Germans together with resultant revolutions and interior political disintegration guaranteed that their pre-war imperial lands would undergo a form of decolonization in the conflicts aftermath (Snyder, 2002). What has the research revealed about the variables chosen as a method to test the hypothesis? With regards to the variables chosen as a method to test the hypothesis, this research has revealed that the great Powers acted so as to contain the violence and prevent the emergence of a general conflict (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). Additionally, the Crimean War was fashioned to destroy Russia sea power. Are the variables relevant? Yes, the variables are relevant. How so and what is their importance in proving the hypothesis? The variables are relevant in that they provide literal facts concerning the subject matter and prove the hypothesis that changes in the balance of power during Napoleons reign eventually led to World War I since it was difficult for one country to dominate the whole of Europe. Conclusion With the end of the First World War, many argued that NATO and other Cold War security organizations were becoming less significant to the Wests security. This prompted various analysts to look back to the early 19th Century Concert of Europe as a representation for addressing security issues. Furthermore, foreign relations theorists have also used this Concert to establish theories about security organizations for many years. The Concert of Europe was a key diplomatic evolution which institutionalized the practice of meeting together for crisis management. Theoretically, a greater flow of information means more transparency. With this in mind, I believe that the variables discussed above have proved my hypothesis. It was difficult for one nation to have complete control over Europe and differences emerging from such disagreements resulted to World War I. References Darwin, J. (2009). The empire project: The rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Legro, J.W., Moravcsik, A. (2000). Correspondence: Brother can you spare a paradigm? (Or, was anybody ever a realist?). International Security, 25. Pp. 188 191. Manila, E. (2007). The Wilsonian moment: Self-determination and the international origins of anticolonial nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Snyder, G.H. (2002). Mearsheimers world: Offensive realism and the struggle for security. International Security, 27. Pp. 161. Steiner, Z. (2005). The lights that failed: European international history, 1919 1933. New York: Oxford University Press. Thomas, M. (2008). Empires of intelligence: Security services and colonial disorder after 1914. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Marketing free essay sample

They offer a wide variety of beverages such as beers, wines, spirits, sparkling drinks and table water. Malta Guinness is one of the products which is rich in protein, iron, vitamins (of the B complex) and calcium, is a non-alcoholic malt-flavored beverage from the Guinness family. It is the perfect source of natural energy that will recharge you both physically and mentally so that you ‘FEEL GOOD EVERY DAY. † They respect the packaging and labelling of the product and recently they have redesigned the product which is unique and appealing compared to the competitors. It is usually both businesses and consumers who use it. Customers spend time looking for the product but when they do not find it, they look for a substitute like redbull. 1. 1. 2 Current Pricing There are many competitors for Malta Guinness in the market, for example, Stag Beverages is one of them. However if there is a change in price of the product, consumer demand may decrease to some extent but currently the price is lower compared to competitors prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But consumers purchase Malta based on the product Quality and product image. The businesses cost depend on the company, if they lower the price of the product, then it will increase sales revenue and competitors would not be able to meet any price cut. . This means that the price elasticity of demand would be elastic and according to Kotler : â€Å"Elasticity is the responsiveness of demand in relation to changes in price† (kolter et al. 2008, 354). For example, the bottle Malta in urban areas is sold at a maximum price of Rs20 and the can at 22 whereas in rural areas it has been observed that the bottle can be sold up to Rs15 and the can at Rs18. 1. 1. 3 Current Distribution. The company has a broader range of products and recently we have noticed that one of them which is Malta,it is sold in both urban and rural areas even in local stores of the regions or in bars and restaurants where customers usually look for it and but it. Some of the locations are : in hypermarket like Shoprite, Super U-Grand Bay,in Winners-Goodlands and Flacq and in rural stores like in Roches-Noires, Riviere-du-Rempart, we can observe, that they are in demand and consumers buy it. This shows quite clearly that there is an extensive distribution of the product in Mauritius. However Consumers cannot buy it from Phoenix beverages but on the contrary businesses can buy it so that they can resell it to retail stores and so on. But now we can notice that Stag beverages and Redbull and there are other energizing drinks that are in competition with Malta Guinness. 1. 1. 4 Current Promotion There are two recent promotional message about Malta that is apparent, one of them is â€Å"Have you had your Malta today† and the other one is â€Å"Have fun with Malta† So these â€Å"Promotion strategies are very important in order to attain the greatest number of customers possible†. kolter et al. 2008, 224). the first promotional message was seen at Phoenix near Phoenix beverages and the other one was seen near the motorway to Port-Louis on a billboard. Thus, the business is trying to promote the product and its sales by capturing people’s attention. Therefore the promotions are sending almost the same message. 1. 2 Environmental Scanning 1. 2. 1 Political/Legal Environment Today we can see that the political and legal environments are the pillar in Mauritius so businesses must take into consideration the political aspect. There are organisations like the consumer protection authority who acts in the favour of the consumers. The Consumer Protection Unit (C P U) is a specialized section within the Ministry of Commerce and Consumer Protection for the protection of consumers in general. So phoenix beverages should be able to comply to marketing strategies so as they do not go against legal requirements in Mauritus. There should be fair dealing while deciding prices of product. 1. 2. 2 Economic Environment In the arena of current income, Mauritius is facing a positive economic growth. We can notice nowadays there are increases in incomes which are making consumers spend more than they are expected to do. And a decreasing rate of unemployment is positive while employment has change consumer spending patterns. The positive economic situation will help the company to invest more in their marketing strategies for the product so as they get an increase in sales. 1. 2. 3 Social/Cultural Environment There are institutions and other forces in Mauritius that are affecting the basic values and perceptions that may impact on marketing strategies. For example, Mauritius is a multicultural country and we have many subcultures. Therefore consumer may be influenced by their respective culture which may influence their choices and preferences for the product. Therefore, the marketing strategies should take into considerations all the audiences, that is, the hindus,muslims or Christians. The company must take into consideration all the segments before implementing their strategies. 1. 2. 4 Technological Environment Technological environment are ‘Forces that affect new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities’ (kolter et al. 008, 98). There are many technological improvements that can create new processes which may impact on the marketing strategies, for example, unsafe products are banned by the government, so the company must do innovation but at the same time they must pay attention to disruptive technology. 1. 2. 5 Natural Environment (1/4 page/2 marks) As Mauritius is not a developed country, the re are shortages of raw materials and increased cost of energy and other factors like government intervention in natural resource that may impact on marketing strategies of the product. While producing the product, the company may dump the wastage and pollute the environment as they used many negative raw materials. This may result in the pollution of air and water. As Kotler stated there are â€Å"many parts of the world are also facing water shortages. Renewable sources need to be used wisely (kolter et al. 2008, 99). There is much legislation in Mauritius for protecting natural resources. 1. 2. 6 Competitive Environment The competitive environment of the mineral water is getting more and more tough (kolter et al. 2008, 99). There are competitors like stag beverages who are going to produce their own Malta product for the Mauritian population and they are are getting more and more in the market share. Therefore Malta marketers must take actions so as they maintain their position in comparison with direct competitors. They must build staff and consumer loyalty in order to be able to face the current situation. 1. 2. 7 Demographic Environment The changing age structure of the population and the geographic shifts may impact on the product and it is the Mauritian culture, the ethnic diversity that may impact the marketing strategies. As Kotler said â€Å"Demography ‘is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation, and other statistics’ (kolter et al. 2008, 82). The demographic environment is crucial to marketers because they must consider their market, that is, the mauritian people. In Mauritius, Malta have targeted consumers around 16 to 20 (teenagers) 20 to 35 (Working class) and 35 to 45(Sportsperson). Youngster, the working-class and sportsperson, they care for their health and Malta is the best energizing drink. The Mauritian is also more educated and is directing itself towards a more white collar nation, along with the fact that more women in the workforce means more average income to the population. Crystal is also affected by the fact that there are more women in the workforce and marketing strategies have been developed to attract this segment. Again the focus on health for women can prove very beneficial to the company 1. 2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis Table Strengths| Weaknesses| The brand name| Leakage of information| Customer loyalty| The sugar rate is high. Distribution channel more efficient than competitors | Was slow to react to increasing number of competitors| Appealing and positive effect| | | | Opportunities| Threats| With technology can have online command and better ways to expansion| Increasing pollution both air and water| New target market as teenagers and women because of work and stress, consumer and staff loyalty| Emerging competit ors like stag beverages| There can be improvement in production and distribution through research | There may be government disapproval on harmful technologies| 2. 0 Segmentation Theory . 1 What is segmentation? Segmentation means ‘Dividing a market into direct groups of buyers who might require separate products or marketing mixes; the process of classifying customers into groups with different needs, characteristics or behaviour’ (kolter et al. 2008, 217). 2. 2 Why is segmentation used? Market segmentation is used to determine a market segment through evaluation, which is in terms of size and growth, profitability and it must fit with the company’s objectives. Market segmentation is used to determine how businesses can be competitive and profitable in a market. However according to marketer’s market segmentation is cost effective even its implementation and this may lead to deficit. But it is mostly used for buyers who differ to product needs or buying responses. 2. 3 How can firms benefit from a multidimensional approach to segmentation? A market can be segmented through different variables so as to better view the market structure. The different variables used by marketers for market segmentation are geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and finally behavioral segmentation. The multidimensional approach is used by irms to see which market segments are more attractive to them. This can be determined by evaluating the segment in terms of size and growth, profitability. The multidimensional approach is used by firms to avoid costly deficit. Target Market Identification 3. 1 Geographical Traits The geographic location chosen are urban, rural and coastal areas. The regions are Roches-Noires coasta l areas, Port-Louis and St Julien. These geographical traits are relevant to the product as even the climate is good for consuming these products as Malta gives us lot of energy when we are stressed or to boost the consumers. Geographic traits means ‘Dividing a market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, municipalities, cities or neighborhoods’ (kolter et al. 2008, 218). In Port-Louis, there is a greater distribution of Malta which is the same in rural areas such as St Julien and mostly in Coastal area(see picture 1 for illustration).. This is because when people go to Port-louis, they tend to be tired and then they drink an energizing drink to be fit to walk in the sunny environment. In rural areas such as st julien, people are home and tend to drink malta when they do their households chores or while doing other activities which is the same around coastal areas. Even the climate at coastal areas influence people as it is hot while in urban areas it is cooler. (See picture 2 for illustration). For rural and coastal areas(see picture 3 for illustration). 3. 2 Demographic Traits ‘Dividing the market into groups based on demographic variables such as age, sex, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion and nationality’ (kolter et al. 2008, 220). Demographic factors help segmenting customer groups as it’s easy to measure than most other variables. Gender is an important factor. Nowadays teenagers consume more energizing drinks as they study and do sports(see picture 4 for illustration). Second demographic variable that Malta can use is targeting customers according to their income.. The prices of Malta bottle are quite affordable as compared to the high income earners who will prefer to buy for example Redbull(see picture 5 for illustration). And final variable is actually targeting the more mature adults that are actually concerned with their health (see picture 6 for illustration). . 3 Psychographic Trait Dividing a market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle or personality characteristics’ (kolter et al. 2008, 221). The psychographic trait is the socio economic status. The major segment that is clearly targeted is the middle class and the lower population classes. The first psychographic var iable that is used is based on social class. The lower classes and middle class population are targeted by Malta that is determined by the prices(see picture 7 for illustration). Second psychographic variable is based on lifestyle. The customers wanting to stay to have healthy habits such as the customers who go usually to the gym are good targets to the marketers (see picture 9 for illustration). And final psychographic variable that will be based on personality . For example, those on diet and vegetarian. 3. 4 Behavioral Traits ‘Divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge of the product, their attitude towards it, the way they use it and their responses to it’ (kolter et al. 2008, 223). Behavior variables are the for building market segments. The first behavioural variable that will be used is the benefit sought. The benefit that the consumers will get that is,to stay in good health. (see picture 10 for illustration). Second behavioural variable that is taken into account is the rate at which the customers is using the product. (see picture 11 for illustration). And final behavioural variable is the loyalty status. It is always less costly to keep a customer than to grab new one (see picture 12 for illustration).

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College Fewer students take AP Chemistry than AP Biology, Physics, or Calculus. Nevertheless, the course is an excellent choice for students interested in pursuing a STEM field in college, or for students who want to demonstrate to college admissions officers that they pushed themselves to take challenging courses in high school. Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Chemistry exam will sometimes fulfill these requirements. About the AP Chemistry Course and Exam AP Chemistry is designed to cover the material that a student would typically encounter in an introductory chemistry course taken in the first year of college. The course will sometimes fulfill a science requirement, laboratory requirement, or place a student into the second semester of a chemistry sequence. AP Chemistry is organized around six central ideas that allow students to understand and predict chemical interactions: Atoms. Students learn that the chemical elements are the building blocks of all matter, and that matter is defined by the arrangement of those atoms.Properties of Materials. This section examines the ways that the physical and chemical properties of materials are defined by the arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the forces between them.Changes in Matter. Students study the way that the rearrangement of atoms and transfer of electrons causes changes in matter.Reaction Rates. In this section, students study how the rate at which chemicals react is governed by the nature of the molecular collisions.Laws of Thermodynamics. Through a study of the laws of thermodynamics, students learn about the conservation of energy and how that relates to changes in matter.Equilibrium. Students learn that chemical reactions are reversible and can proceed in either direction. Chemical equilibrium results when opposing chemical processes occur at the same rate. Central to the course is the students ability to model phenomena, use mathematics to solve problems, pose and evaluate scientific questions, collect and analyze data, and make claims and predictions about chemical phenomena based on scientific models and theories. AP Chemistry Score Information The AP Chemistry exam was taken by 161,852 students in 2018. Only 90,398 of those students (55.9 percent) earned a score of 3 or higher indicating that they have a level of mastery sufficient for possibly earning college credit.   The mean score for the AP Chemistry exam was 2.80, and the scores were distributed as follows: AP Chemistry Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 21,624 13.4 4 28,489 17.6 3 40,285 24.9 2 38,078 23.5 1 33,376 20.6 If your score is on the low end of the scale, realize that you dont need to report it to colleges. Unlike the SAT and ACT, AP exam scores are typically self-reported and not required. Course Credit and Placement for AP Chemistry The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general picture of the way that selective colleges view the AP Chemistry exam. Youll see that all the schools do offer credit for a strong score on the chemistry exam,  even if just general credits with no placement- AP Chemistry is one of the more widely-accepted exams. Note that all of the private institutions require at least a 4 on the exam to earn credit while all the public institutions except for Georgia Tech will accept a 3. Keep in mind that AP placement data changes frequently, so be sure to check with a colleges Registrar to get the most up-to-date information. AP Chemistry Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 CHEM 1310 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; CHM 129 Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing CHEM 125 and/or 190 LSU 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; CHEM 1421, 1422 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Chemistry Mississippi State University 3, 4 or 5 CH 1213 (3 credits) for a 3; CH 1213 and CH 1223 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Chemistry 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Chemistry 10171 (4 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University 5 CHEM 33; 4 quarter units Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 100 Chemistry (4 credits) for a 3; CHEM 120 Chemical Principles I (5 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits and Introductory CHEM for a 3; 8 credits and General CHEM for a 4 or 5 Yale University 5 1 credit; CHEM 112a, 113b, 114a, 115b A Final Word on AP Chemistry Course credit and placement arent the only reasons to take AP Chemistry. When applying to colleges, a strong academic record will be the most important part of your application. Colleges want to see that you have succeeded in the most challenging courses available to you, and AP, IB, and Honors all play an important role on this front. Doing well in Advanced Placement classes (and AP exams) is a far better predictor of future college success than standardized tests such as the SAT or ACT. To learn more specific information about the AP Chemistry exam, be sure to visit the  official College Board website.

Characterization of the Automotive Interior Cabin Noise Research Proposal

Characterization of the Automotive Interior Cabin Noise - Research Proposal Example Consequently, interior trims such as the car-seats and roof covering play a very vital role in the observation of interior noise and vibrations specifically in relatively heightened frequencies (>400Hz). This therefore means that the automotive industry has had to focus on the redesigning the interior of this personal cars to make the cars as quiet as possible. The automotive industry has been compelled to enhance their interior trim products with better designs due to eco-friendly factors such as whether these products are recyclable, the fact that the noise and vibrating levels have the possibility of resulting to serious health issues and price of products. However, there is still a lot of research that need to be done in order to get a more profound understanding of the consequences of the interior trim design on the noise and vibrating levels. Once this improved and refined trim designs and concepts are recommended for the automotive industry, this need to enhance their interior trim products with better designs will become even more obligatory. Hence, this research paper is anticipated to deliver a practicable process which can estimate and optimize the interior cabin noise level for dissimilar interior trims and seating arrangement. In carrying out this research we first have to understand the effects of vehicle interior trims in minimizing interior cabin noise. In doing so, we will begin by establishing the noise characteristics. In establishing the noise characteristics of interior design, I will peg my research on a paper published by Jha and Priede which investigated the simplest mechanism of understanding how noise is generated in a car. This noise is majorly caused by the vibration of the cabin walls. While this research was carried out over 30 years ago the findings from this research are still applicable with the design and features of an ordinary modern day vehicle. Jha and Priede carried out experiments of internal noise spectra of a number of vehicles. The internal noise spectra of the vehicles were also done at contrasting speeds. The internal noise spectra was seen to elevate to an all-out level of 20 Hz and later decrease at a constant rate of averagely 25 Db per decade to a level exceeding 1 kHz. Although, the frequency at which the highest level of noise is experienced normally depends on the size of the car, the corresponding interior noise spectra for all personal vehicles as investigated by Jha and Priede are all alike. The rotation of the wheels are one of the major contributors of interior noise and vibrations whereby they result to noise peaks of about 20 Hz which in combination with various harmonics result to a lot of noise and vibrations within the car. The engine is also a major contributor of these noise and vibrations within the car whereby when an engine fires it produces harmonics of a low order that account for a frequency of about 100Hz. The second part of this research will be identifying the role of different trims in absorbing noise and vibrations produced within the cabin. The most commonly used trims are Acoustic Insulation materials. These materials that are applied in the reduction of noise and vibration levels within a personal car have the following mechanism; they first absorb the energy produced which is then transformed into heat energy. This transformed sound energy is reflected away from the vehicle. The acoustic insulation