Marketing free essay sample

They offer a wide variety of beverages such as beers, wines, spirits, sparkling drinks and table water. Malta Guinness is one of the products which is rich in protein, iron, vitamins (of the B complex) and calcium, is a non-alcoholic malt-flavored beverage from the Guinness family. It is the perfect source of natural energy that will recharge you both physically and mentally so that you ‘FEEL GOOD EVERY DAY. † They respect the packaging and labelling of the product and recently they have redesigned the product which is unique and appealing compared to the competitors. It is usually both businesses and consumers who use it. Customers spend time looking for the product but when they do not find it, they look for a substitute like redbull. 1. 1. 2 Current Pricing There are many competitors for Malta Guinness in the market, for example, Stag Beverages is one of them. However if there is a change in price of the product, consumer demand may decrease to some extent but currently the price is lower compared to competitors prices. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But consumers purchase Malta based on the product Quality and product image. The businesses cost depend on the company, if they lower the price of the product, then it will increase sales revenue and competitors would not be able to meet any price cut. . This means that the price elasticity of demand would be elastic and according to Kotler : â€Å"Elasticity is the responsiveness of demand in relation to changes in price† (kolter et al. 2008, 354). For example, the bottle Malta in urban areas is sold at a maximum price of Rs20 and the can at 22 whereas in rural areas it has been observed that the bottle can be sold up to Rs15 and the can at Rs18. 1. 1. 3 Current Distribution. The company has a broader range of products and recently we have noticed that one of them which is Malta,it is sold in both urban and rural areas even in local stores of the regions or in bars and restaurants where customers usually look for it and but it. Some of the locations are : in hypermarket like Shoprite, Super U-Grand Bay,in Winners-Goodlands and Flacq and in rural stores like in Roches-Noires, Riviere-du-Rempart, we can observe, that they are in demand and consumers buy it. This shows quite clearly that there is an extensive distribution of the product in Mauritius. However Consumers cannot buy it from Phoenix beverages but on the contrary businesses can buy it so that they can resell it to retail stores and so on. But now we can notice that Stag beverages and Redbull and there are other energizing drinks that are in competition with Malta Guinness. 1. 1. 4 Current Promotion There are two recent promotional message about Malta that is apparent, one of them is â€Å"Have you had your Malta today† and the other one is â€Å"Have fun with Malta† So these â€Å"Promotion strategies are very important in order to attain the greatest number of customers possible†. kolter et al. 2008, 224). the first promotional message was seen at Phoenix near Phoenix beverages and the other one was seen near the motorway to Port-Louis on a billboard. Thus, the business is trying to promote the product and its sales by capturing people’s attention. Therefore the promotions are sending almost the same message. 1. 2 Environmental Scanning 1. 2. 1 Political/Legal Environment Today we can see that the political and legal environments are the pillar in Mauritius so businesses must take into consideration the political aspect. There are organisations like the consumer protection authority who acts in the favour of the consumers. The Consumer Protection Unit (C P U) is a specialized section within the Ministry of Commerce and Consumer Protection for the protection of consumers in general. So phoenix beverages should be able to comply to marketing strategies so as they do not go against legal requirements in Mauritus. There should be fair dealing while deciding prices of product. 1. 2. 2 Economic Environment In the arena of current income, Mauritius is facing a positive economic growth. We can notice nowadays there are increases in incomes which are making consumers spend more than they are expected to do. And a decreasing rate of unemployment is positive while employment has change consumer spending patterns. The positive economic situation will help the company to invest more in their marketing strategies for the product so as they get an increase in sales. 1. 2. 3 Social/Cultural Environment There are institutions and other forces in Mauritius that are affecting the basic values and perceptions that may impact on marketing strategies. For example, Mauritius is a multicultural country and we have many subcultures. Therefore consumer may be influenced by their respective culture which may influence their choices and preferences for the product. Therefore, the marketing strategies should take into considerations all the audiences, that is, the hindus,muslims or Christians. The company must take into consideration all the segments before implementing their strategies. 1. 2. 4 Technological Environment Technological environment are ‘Forces that affect new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities’ (kolter et al. 008, 98). There are many technological improvements that can create new processes which may impact on the marketing strategies, for example, unsafe products are banned by the government, so the company must do innovation but at the same time they must pay attention to disruptive technology. 1. 2. 5 Natural Environment (1/4 page/2 marks) As Mauritius is not a developed country, the re are shortages of raw materials and increased cost of energy and other factors like government intervention in natural resource that may impact on marketing strategies of the product. While producing the product, the company may dump the wastage and pollute the environment as they used many negative raw materials. This may result in the pollution of air and water. As Kotler stated there are â€Å"many parts of the world are also facing water shortages. Renewable sources need to be used wisely (kolter et al. 2008, 99). There is much legislation in Mauritius for protecting natural resources. 1. 2. 6 Competitive Environment The competitive environment of the mineral water is getting more and more tough (kolter et al. 2008, 99). There are competitors like stag beverages who are going to produce their own Malta product for the Mauritian population and they are are getting more and more in the market share. Therefore Malta marketers must take actions so as they maintain their position in comparison with direct competitors. They must build staff and consumer loyalty in order to be able to face the current situation. 1. 2. 7 Demographic Environment The changing age structure of the population and the geographic shifts may impact on the product and it is the Mauritian culture, the ethnic diversity that may impact the marketing strategies. As Kotler said â€Å"Demography ‘is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation, and other statistics’ (kolter et al. 2008, 82). The demographic environment is crucial to marketers because they must consider their market, that is, the mauritian people. In Mauritius, Malta have targeted consumers around 16 to 20 (teenagers) 20 to 35 (Working class) and 35 to 45(Sportsperson). Youngster, the working-class and sportsperson, they care for their health and Malta is the best energizing drink. The Mauritian is also more educated and is directing itself towards a more white collar nation, along with the fact that more women in the workforce means more average income to the population. Crystal is also affected by the fact that there are more women in the workforce and marketing strategies have been developed to attract this segment. Again the focus on health for women can prove very beneficial to the company 1. 2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis Table Strengths| Weaknesses| The brand name| Leakage of information| Customer loyalty| The sugar rate is high. Distribution channel more efficient than competitors | Was slow to react to increasing number of competitors| Appealing and positive effect| | | | Opportunities| Threats| With technology can have online command and better ways to expansion| Increasing pollution both air and water| New target market as teenagers and women because of work and stress, consumer and staff loyalty| Emerging competit ors like stag beverages| There can be improvement in production and distribution through research | There may be government disapproval on harmful technologies| 2. 0 Segmentation Theory . 1 What is segmentation? Segmentation means ‘Dividing a market into direct groups of buyers who might require separate products or marketing mixes; the process of classifying customers into groups with different needs, characteristics or behaviour’ (kolter et al. 2008, 217). 2. 2 Why is segmentation used? Market segmentation is used to determine a market segment through evaluation, which is in terms of size and growth, profitability and it must fit with the company’s objectives. Market segmentation is used to determine how businesses can be competitive and profitable in a market. However according to marketer’s market segmentation is cost effective even its implementation and this may lead to deficit. But it is mostly used for buyers who differ to product needs or buying responses. 2. 3 How can firms benefit from a multidimensional approach to segmentation? A market can be segmented through different variables so as to better view the market structure. The different variables used by marketers for market segmentation are geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and finally behavioral segmentation. The multidimensional approach is used by irms to see which market segments are more attractive to them. This can be determined by evaluating the segment in terms of size and growth, profitability. The multidimensional approach is used by firms to avoid costly deficit. Target Market Identification 3. 1 Geographical Traits The geographic location chosen are urban, rural and coastal areas. The regions are Roches-Noires coasta l areas, Port-Louis and St Julien. These geographical traits are relevant to the product as even the climate is good for consuming these products as Malta gives us lot of energy when we are stressed or to boost the consumers. Geographic traits means ‘Dividing a market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, municipalities, cities or neighborhoods’ (kolter et al. 2008, 218). In Port-Louis, there is a greater distribution of Malta which is the same in rural areas such as St Julien and mostly in Coastal area(see picture 1 for illustration).. This is because when people go to Port-louis, they tend to be tired and then they drink an energizing drink to be fit to walk in the sunny environment. In rural areas such as st julien, people are home and tend to drink malta when they do their households chores or while doing other activities which is the same around coastal areas. Even the climate at coastal areas influence people as it is hot while in urban areas it is cooler. (See picture 2 for illustration). For rural and coastal areas(see picture 3 for illustration). 3. 2 Demographic Traits ‘Dividing the market into groups based on demographic variables such as age, sex, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion and nationality’ (kolter et al. 2008, 220). Demographic factors help segmenting customer groups as it’s easy to measure than most other variables. Gender is an important factor. Nowadays teenagers consume more energizing drinks as they study and do sports(see picture 4 for illustration). Second demographic variable that Malta can use is targeting customers according to their income.. The prices of Malta bottle are quite affordable as compared to the high income earners who will prefer to buy for example Redbull(see picture 5 for illustration). And final variable is actually targeting the more mature adults that are actually concerned with their health (see picture 6 for illustration). . 3 Psychographic Trait Dividing a market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle or personality characteristics’ (kolter et al. 2008, 221). The psychographic trait is the socio economic status. The major segment that is clearly targeted is the middle class and the lower population classes. The first psychographic var iable that is used is based on social class. The lower classes and middle class population are targeted by Malta that is determined by the prices(see picture 7 for illustration). Second psychographic variable is based on lifestyle. The customers wanting to stay to have healthy habits such as the customers who go usually to the gym are good targets to the marketers (see picture 9 for illustration). And final psychographic variable that will be based on personality . For example, those on diet and vegetarian. 3. 4 Behavioral Traits ‘Divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge of the product, their attitude towards it, the way they use it and their responses to it’ (kolter et al. 2008, 223). Behavior variables are the for building market segments. The first behavioural variable that will be used is the benefit sought. The benefit that the consumers will get that is,to stay in good health. (see picture 10 for illustration). Second behavioural variable that is taken into account is the rate at which the customers is using the product. (see picture 11 for illustration). And final behavioural variable is the loyalty status. It is always less costly to keep a customer than to grab new one (see picture 12 for illustration).

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College Fewer students take AP Chemistry than AP Biology, Physics, or Calculus. Nevertheless, the course is an excellent choice for students interested in pursuing a STEM field in college, or for students who want to demonstrate to college admissions officers that they pushed themselves to take challenging courses in high school. Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Chemistry exam will sometimes fulfill these requirements. About the AP Chemistry Course and Exam AP Chemistry is designed to cover the material that a student would typically encounter in an introductory chemistry course taken in the first year of college. The course will sometimes fulfill a science requirement, laboratory requirement, or place a student into the second semester of a chemistry sequence. AP Chemistry is organized around six central ideas that allow students to understand and predict chemical interactions: Atoms. Students learn that the chemical elements are the building blocks of all matter, and that matter is defined by the arrangement of those atoms.Properties of Materials. This section examines the ways that the physical and chemical properties of materials are defined by the arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the forces between them.Changes in Matter. Students study the way that the rearrangement of atoms and transfer of electrons causes changes in matter.Reaction Rates. In this section, students study how the rate at which chemicals react is governed by the nature of the molecular collisions.Laws of Thermodynamics. Through a study of the laws of thermodynamics, students learn about the conservation of energy and how that relates to changes in matter.Equilibrium. Students learn that chemical reactions are reversible and can proceed in either direction. Chemical equilibrium results when opposing chemical processes occur at the same rate. Central to the course is the students ability to model phenomena, use mathematics to solve problems, pose and evaluate scientific questions, collect and analyze data, and make claims and predictions about chemical phenomena based on scientific models and theories. AP Chemistry Score Information The AP Chemistry exam was taken by 161,852 students in 2018. Only 90,398 of those students (55.9 percent) earned a score of 3 or higher indicating that they have a level of mastery sufficient for possibly earning college credit.   The mean score for the AP Chemistry exam was 2.80, and the scores were distributed as follows: AP Chemistry Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 21,624 13.4 4 28,489 17.6 3 40,285 24.9 2 38,078 23.5 1 33,376 20.6 If your score is on the low end of the scale, realize that you dont need to report it to colleges. Unlike the SAT and ACT, AP exam scores are typically self-reported and not required. Course Credit and Placement for AP Chemistry The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general picture of the way that selective colleges view the AP Chemistry exam. Youll see that all the schools do offer credit for a strong score on the chemistry exam,  even if just general credits with no placement- AP Chemistry is one of the more widely-accepted exams. Note that all of the private institutions require at least a 4 on the exam to earn credit while all the public institutions except for Georgia Tech will accept a 3. Keep in mind that AP placement data changes frequently, so be sure to check with a colleges Registrar to get the most up-to-date information. AP Chemistry Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 CHEM 1310 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; CHM 129 Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing CHEM 125 and/or 190 LSU 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; CHEM 1421, 1422 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Chemistry Mississippi State University 3, 4 or 5 CH 1213 (3 credits) for a 3; CH 1213 and CH 1223 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Chemistry 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Chemistry 10171 (4 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University 5 CHEM 33; 4 quarter units Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 100 Chemistry (4 credits) for a 3; CHEM 120 Chemical Principles I (5 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits and Introductory CHEM for a 3; 8 credits and General CHEM for a 4 or 5 Yale University 5 1 credit; CHEM 112a, 113b, 114a, 115b A Final Word on AP Chemistry Course credit and placement arent the only reasons to take AP Chemistry. When applying to colleges, a strong academic record will be the most important part of your application. Colleges want to see that you have succeeded in the most challenging courses available to you, and AP, IB, and Honors all play an important role on this front. Doing well in Advanced Placement classes (and AP exams) is a far better predictor of future college success than standardized tests such as the SAT or ACT. To learn more specific information about the AP Chemistry exam, be sure to visit the  official College Board website.

Characterization of the Automotive Interior Cabin Noise Research Proposal

Characterization of the Automotive Interior Cabin Noise - Research Proposal Example Consequently, interior trims such as the car-seats and roof covering play a very vital role in the observation of interior noise and vibrations specifically in relatively heightened frequencies (>400Hz). This therefore means that the automotive industry has had to focus on the redesigning the interior of this personal cars to make the cars as quiet as possible. The automotive industry has been compelled to enhance their interior trim products with better designs due to eco-friendly factors such as whether these products are recyclable, the fact that the noise and vibrating levels have the possibility of resulting to serious health issues and price of products. However, there is still a lot of research that need to be done in order to get a more profound understanding of the consequences of the interior trim design on the noise and vibrating levels. Once this improved and refined trim designs and concepts are recommended for the automotive industry, this need to enhance their interior trim products with better designs will become even more obligatory. Hence, this research paper is anticipated to deliver a practicable process which can estimate and optimize the interior cabin noise level for dissimilar interior trims and seating arrangement. In carrying out this research we first have to understand the effects of vehicle interior trims in minimizing interior cabin noise. In doing so, we will begin by establishing the noise characteristics. In establishing the noise characteristics of interior design, I will peg my research on a paper published by Jha and Priede which investigated the simplest mechanism of understanding how noise is generated in a car. This noise is majorly caused by the vibration of the cabin walls. While this research was carried out over 30 years ago the findings from this research are still applicable with the design and features of an ordinary modern day vehicle. Jha and Priede carried out experiments of internal noise spectra of a number of vehicles. The internal noise spectra of the vehicles were also done at contrasting speeds. The internal noise spectra was seen to elevate to an all-out level of 20 Hz and later decrease at a constant rate of averagely 25 Db per decade to a level exceeding 1 kHz. Although, the frequency at which the highest level of noise is experienced normally depends on the size of the car, the corresponding interior noise spectra for all personal vehicles as investigated by Jha and Priede are all alike. The rotation of the wheels are one of the major contributors of interior noise and vibrations whereby they result to noise peaks of about 20 Hz which in combination with various harmonics result to a lot of noise and vibrations within the car. The engine is also a major contributor of these noise and vibrations within the car whereby when an engine fires it produces harmonics of a low order that account for a frequency of about 100Hz. The second part of this research will be identifying the role of different trims in absorbing noise and vibrations produced within the cabin. The most commonly used trims are Acoustic Insulation materials. These materials that are applied in the reduction of noise and vibration levels within a personal car have the following mechanism; they first absorb the energy produced which is then transformed into heat energy. This transformed sound energy is reflected away from the vehicle. The acoustic insulation